Brass is an alloy consisting mainly if not exclusively of copper and zinc. The brasses may be conveniently divided into two groups according to their malleability, the dividing line being approximately the composition of 55 percent copper and 45 percent zinc. All the higher copper alloys are workable either hot or cold and in some cases both hot and cold,
Brass is any alloy of copper and zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties.[1] Note that in comparison bronze is principally an alloy of copper and tin.[2] Despite this distinction, some types of brasses are called bronzes. Brass is a substitutional alloy. It is used for decoration for its bright gold-like appearance; for applications where low friction is required such as locks, gears, bearings, ammunition, and valves; for plumbing and electrical applications; and extensively in musical instruments such as horns and bells for its acoustic properties.
Brass has a muted yellow color, somewhat similar to gold. It is relatively resistant to tarnishing, and is often used as decoration and for coins.
Brass types
- Admiralty brass contains 30% zinc and 1% tin which inhibits dezincification in most environments.
- Alpha brasses (Prince's metal), with less than 35% zinc, are malleable, can be worked cold, and are used in pressing, forging, or similar applications. They contain only one phase, with face-centered cubic crystal structure.
- Alpha-beta brass (Muntz metal), also called duplex brass, is 35-45% zinc and is suited for hot working. It contains both α and β' phase; the β'-phase is body-centered cubic and is harder and stronger than α. Alpha-beta brasses are usually worked hot.
- Aluminum brass contains aluminum, which improves its corrosion resistance. Used in Euro coins (Nordic gold).
- Arsenical brass contains an addition of arsenic and frequently aluminium and is used for boiler fireboxes.
- Beta brasses, with 45-50% zinc content, can only be worked hot, and are harder, stronger, and suitable for casting.
- Cartridge brass is a 30% zinc brass with good cold working properties.
- Common brass, or rivet brass, is a 37% zinc brass, cheap and standard for cold working.
- DZR brass is Dezincification resistant Brass with a small percentage of Arsenic.
- High brass, contains 65% copper and 35% zinc, has a high tensile strength and is used for springs, screws, rivets.
- Leaded brass is an alpha-beta brass with an addition of lead. It has excellent machinability.
- Low brass is a copper-zinc alloy containing 20% zinc with a light golden color, excellent ductility and is used for flexible metal hoses and metal bellows.
- Naval brass, similar to admiralty brass, is a 40% zinc brass and 1% tin.
- Red brass, while not technically brass, is an American term for CuZnSn alloy known as gunmetal.
- White brass contains more than 50% zinc and is too brittle for general use.
- Yellow brass is an American term for 33% zinc brass.
- Gilding metal is the softest type of brass commonly available. It is an alloy of 95% copper and 5% zinc and is typically used for ammunition components
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